Leviticus 11

King James Version

Full text for Leviticus Chapter 11

1¶ And the LORD spake unto Moses and to Aaron, saying unto them,

2Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, These [are] the beasts which ye shall eat among all the beasts that [are] on the earth.

3Whatsoever parteth the hoof, and is clovenfooted, [and] cheweth the cud, among the beasts, that shall ye eat.

4Nevertheless these shall ye not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the hoof: [as] the camel, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he [is] unclean unto you.

5And the coney, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he [is] unclean unto you.

6And the hare, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he [is] unclean unto you.

7And the swine, though he divide the hoof, and be clovenfooted, yet he cheweth not the cud; he [is] unclean to you.

8Of their flesh shall ye not eat, and their carcase shall ye not touch; they [are] unclean to you.

9¶ These shall ye eat of all that [are] in the waters: whatsoever hath fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them shall ye eat.

10And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that move in the waters, and of any living thing which [is] in the waters, they [shall be] an abomination unto you:

11They shall be even an abomination unto you; ye shall not eat of their flesh, but ye shall have their carcases in abomination.

12Whatsoever hath no fins nor scales in the waters, that [shall be] an abomination unto you.

13And these [are they which] ye shall have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they [are] an abomination: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray,

14And the vulture, and the kite after his kind;

15Every raven after his kind;

16And the owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind,

17And the little owl, and the cormorant, and the great owl,

18And the swan, and the pelican, and the gier eagle,

19And the stork, the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat.

20¶ All fowls that creep, going upon [all] four, [shall be] an abomination unto you.

21Yet these may ye eat of every flying creeping thing that goeth upon [all] four, which have legs above their feet, to leap withal upon the earth;

22[Even] these of them ye may eat; the locust after his kind, and the bald locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and the grasshopper after his kind.

23But all [other] flying creeping things, which have four feet, [shall be] an abomination unto you.

24And for these ye shall be unclean: whosoever toucheth the carcase of them shall be unclean until the even.

25And whosoever beareth [ought] of the carcase of them shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even.

26[The carcases] of every beast which divideth the hoof, and [is] not clovenfooted, nor cheweth the cud, [are] unclean unto you: every one that toucheth them shall be unclean.

27And whatsoever goeth upon his paws, among all manner of beasts that go on [all] four, those [are] unclean unto you: whoso toucheth their carcase shall be unclean until the even.

28And he that beareth the carcase of them shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even: they [are] unclean unto you.

29These also [shall be] unclean unto you among the creeping things that creep upon the earth; the weasel, and the mouse, and the tortoise after his kind,

30And the ferret, and the chameleon, and the lizard, and the snail, and the mole.

31These [are] unclean to you among all that creep: whosoever doth touch them, when they be dead, shall be unclean until the even.

32And upon whatsoever [any] of them, when they are dead, doth fall, it shall be unclean; whether [it be] any vessel of wood, or raiment, or skin, or sack, whatsoever vessel [it be], wherein [any] work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until the even; so it shall be cleansed.

33And every earthen vessel, whereinto [any] of them falleth, whatsoever [is] in it shall be unclean; and ye shall break it.

34Of all meat which may be eaten, [that] on which [such] water cometh shall be unclean: and all drink that may be drunk in every [such] vessel shall be unclean.

35And every [thing] whereupon [any part] of their carcase falleth shall be unclean; [whether it be] oven, or ranges for pots, they shall be broken down: [for] they [are] unclean, and shall be unclean unto you.

36Nevertheless a fountain or pit, [wherein there is] plenty of water, shall be clean: but that which toucheth their carcase shall be unclean.

37And if [any part] of their carcase fall upon any sowing seed which is to be sown, it [shall be] clean.

38But if [any] water be put upon the seed, and [any part] of their carcase fall thereon, it [shall be] unclean unto you.

39And if any beast, of which ye may eat, die; he that toucheth the carcase thereof shall be unclean until the even.

40And he that eateth of the carcase of it shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even: he also that beareth the carcase of it shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even.

41And every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth [shall be] an abomination; it shall not be eaten.

42Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon [all] four, or whatsoever hath more feet among all creeping things that creep upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they [are] an abomination.

43¶ Ye shall not make yourselves abominable with any creeping thing that creepeth, neither shall ye make yourselves unclean with them, that ye should be defiled thereby.

44For I [am] the LORD your God: ye shall therefore sanctify yourselves, and ye shall be holy; for I [am] holy: neither shall ye defile yourselves with any manner of creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.

45For I [am] the LORD that bringeth you up out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: ye shall therefore be holy, for I [am] holy.

46This [is] the law of the beasts, and of the fowl, and of every living creature that moveth in the waters, and of every creature that creepeth upon the earth:

47To make a difference between the unclean and the clean, and between the beast that may be eaten and the beast that may not be eaten.

AI Analysis

AI Summaries

Short Summary

Leviticus 11 outlines the dietary laws given by the LORD to Moses and Aaron, establishing what animals the children of Israel may eat and what they must avoid. It specifies clean land animals as those with cloven hooves that chew the cud, and clean aquatic creatures as those with fins and scales. The chapter also lists numerous unclean birds and creeping things, and details the rules for ritual defilement incurred by touching the carcasses of forbidden animals, emphasizing Israel's call to be holy as the LORD is holy.

Medium Summary

Leviticus chapter 11 establishes comprehensive dietary laws for the Israelites, commanded by the LORD through Moses and Aaron. It begins by defining clean land animals as those that both part the hoof and chew the cud, while those lacking either characteristic, such as camels, hares, and swine, are declared unclean. For aquatic life, only creatures possessing both fins and scales are permissible to eat, with all others being an abomination. The chapter then lists numerous specific birds deemed unclean, alongside general rules for flying creeping things, allowing only certain leaping insects like locusts. Furthermore, it addresses the ritual impurity incurred by touching the carcasses of various unclean animals, including land beasts and creeping things, stipulating that defiled individuals or objects become unclean until the evening and require washing or destruction. The overarching purpose of these detailed regulations is explicitly stated: to enable the Israelites to distinguish between the clean and the unclean, thereby maintaining their holiness in accordance with the LORD's own holiness.

Long Summary

Leviticus chapter 11 presents a detailed set of dietary and purity laws delivered by the LORD to Moses and Aaron for the instruction of the children of Israel. The chapter meticulously categorizes animals into clean and unclean groups, dictating what may and may not be eaten. For land animals, the criteria for edibility are strict: they must both have cloven hooves and chew the cud; examples of unclean beasts include the camel, coney, and hare, which chew the cud but do not part the hoof, and the swine, which parts the hoof but does not chew the cud. Regarding aquatic creatures, only those possessing both fins and scales are permissible for consumption, while all others are declared an abomination. A lengthy list of specific birds, such as the eagle, vulture, and owl, are identified as unclean and forbidden to eat. Flying creeping things are generally prohibited, though certain exceptions are made for insects like locusts and grasshoppers that have legs for leaping. Beyond dietary restrictions, the chapter outlines rules concerning ritual defilement. Touching the carcass of any unclean land animal, or bearing a portion of it, renders a person unclean until the evening, necessitating the washing of clothes. A separate category of creeping things, including the weasel, mouse, and lizard, are also declared unclean, with similar defilement rules for touching their dead bodies. The impurity extends to objects upon which these carcasses fall, requiring wooden vessels, raiment, skin, or sacks to be washed and earthen vessels to be broken. While a fountain or pit of water remains clean, food and drink in defiled vessels become unclean. Even touching the carcass of a clean animal that has died naturally results in temporary defilement. The chapter concludes by reiterating the absolute prohibition against eating any creeping thing, emphasizing that these laws serve to prevent Israel from defiling themselves. The ultimate theological rationale is explicitly stated: Israel must sanctify themselves and be holy, because the LORD their God is holy, having brought them out of Egypt to be His people. These laws serve to establish a clear distinction between the clean and the unclean, and between edible and non-edible creatures.

Core Concepts

  • Dietary LawsSpecific regulations defining which animals, birds, and aquatic creatures are permissible for consumption and which are forbidden, based on physical characteristics.
  • Clean and Unclean AnimalsCategorization of creatures into those acceptable for eating (clean) and those prohibited (unclean), with detailed criteria provided for each group.
  • Ritual DefilementThe state of impurity incurred by touching the carcasses of certain unclean animals, which renders a person or object temporarily unclean until evening, often requiring washing or destruction.
  • HolinessThe overarching theological principle behind the dietary and purity laws, emphasizing that Israel must be set apart and holy, mirroring the holiness of the LORD their God.
  • DistinctionThe fundamental purpose of these laws, enabling the Israelites to discern between what is ritually pure and impure, and between what may be eaten and what may not.
  • AbominationA term used to describe certain forbidden foods and creatures, signifying their extreme unacceptability and often their association with impurity.
  • Creeping ThingsA broad category of animals, including insects, reptiles, and small mammals, many of which are declared unclean and whose carcasses cause significant defilement.