Judges 9

King James Version

Full text for Judges Chapter 9

1¶ And Abimelech the son of Jerubbaal went to Shechem unto his mother's brethren, and communed with them, and with all the family of the house of his mother's father, saying,

2Speak, I pray you, in the ears of all the men of Shechem, Whether [is] better for you, either that all the sons of Jerubbaal, [which are] threescore and ten persons, reign over you, or that one reign over you? remember also that I [am] your bone and your flesh.

3And his mother's brethren spake of him in the ears of all the men of Shechem all these words: and their hearts inclined to follow Abimelech; for they said, He [is] our brother.

4And they gave him threescore and ten [pieces] of silver out of the house of Baalberith, wherewith Abimelech hired vain and light persons, which followed him.

5And he went unto his father's house at Ophrah, and slew his brethren the sons of Jerubbaal, [being] threescore and ten persons, upon one stone: notwithstanding yet Jotham the youngest son of Jerubbaal was left; for he hid himself.

6And all the men of Shechem gathered together, and all the house of Millo, and went, and made Abimelech king, by the plain of the pillar that [was] in Shechem.

7¶ And when they told [it] to Jotham, he went and stood in the top of mount Gerizim, and lifted up his voice, and cried, and said unto them, Hearken unto me, ye men of Shechem, that God may hearken unto you.

8The trees went forth [on a time] to anoint a king over them; and they said unto the olive tree, Reign thou over us.

9But the olive tree said unto them, Should I leave my fatness, wherewith by me they honour God and man, and go to be promoted over the trees?

10And the trees said to the fig tree, Come thou, [and] reign over us.

11But the fig tree said unto them, Should I forsake my sweetness, and my good fruit, and go to be promoted over the trees?

12Then said the trees unto the vine, Come thou, [and] reign over us.

13And the vine said unto them, Should I leave my wine, which cheereth God and man, and go to be promoted over the trees?

14Then said all the trees unto the bramble, Come thou, [and] reign over us.

15And the bramble said unto the trees, If in truth ye anoint me king over you, [then] come [and] put your trust in my shadow: and if not, let fire come out of the bramble, and devour the cedars of Lebanon.

16Now therefore, if ye have done truly and sincerely, in that ye have made Abimelech king, and if ye have dealt well with Jerubbaal and his house, and have done unto him according to the deserving of his hands;

17(For my father fought for you, and adventured his life far, and delivered you out of the hand of Midian:

18And ye are risen up against my father's house this day, and have slain his sons, threescore and ten persons, upon one stone, and have made Abimelech, the son of his maidservant, king over the men of Shechem, because he [is] your brother;)

19If ye then have dealt truly and sincerely with Jerubbaal and with his house this day, [then] rejoice ye in Abimelech, and let him also rejoice in you:

20But if not, let fire come out from Abimelech, and devour the men of Shechem, and the house of Millo; and let fire come out from the men of Shechem, and from the house of Millo, and devour Abimelech.

21And Jotham ran away, and fled, and went to Beer, and dwelt there, for fear of Abimelech his brother.

22¶ When Abimelech had reigned three years over Israel,

23Then God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the men of Shechem; and the men of Shechem dealt treacherously with Abimelech:

24That the cruelty [done] to the threescore and ten sons of Jerubbaal might come, and their blood be laid upon Abimelech their brother, which slew them; and upon the men of Shechem, which aided him in the killing of his brethren.

25And the men of Shechem set liers in wait for him in the top of the mountains, and they robbed all that came along that way by them: and it was told Abimelech.

26And Gaal the son of Ebed came with his brethren, and went over to Shechem: and the men of Shechem put their confidence in him.

27And they went out into the fields, and gathered their vineyards, and trode [the grapes], and made merry, and went into the house of their god, and did eat and drink, and cursed Abimelech.

28And Gaal the son of Ebed said, Who [is] Abimelech, and who [is] Shechem, that we should serve him? [is] not [he] the son of Jerubbaal? and Zebul his officer? serve the men of Hamor the father of Shechem: for why should we serve him?

29And would to God this people were under my hand! then would I remove Abimelech. And he said to Abimelech, Increase thine army, and come out.

30And when Zebul the ruler of the city heard the words of Gaal the son of Ebed, his anger was kindled.

31And he sent messengers unto Abimelech privily, saying, Behold, Gaal the son of Ebed and his brethren be come to Shechem; and, behold, they fortify the city against thee.

32Now therefore up by night, thou and the people that [is] with thee, and lie in wait in the field:

33And it shall be, [that] in the morning, as soon as the sun is up, thou shalt rise early, and set upon the city: and, behold, [when] he and the people that [is] with him come out against thee, then mayest thou do to them as thou shalt find occasion.

34And Abimelech rose up, and all the people that [were] with him, by night, and they laid wait against Shechem in four companies.

35And Gaal the son of Ebed went out, and stood in the entering of the gate of the city: and Abimelech rose up, and the people that [were] with him, from lying in wait.

36And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul, Behold, there come people down from the top of the mountains. And Zebul said unto him, Thou seest the shadow of the mountains as [if they were] men.

37And Gaal spake again and said, See there come people down by the middle of the land, and another company come along by the plain of Meonenim.

38Then said Zebul unto him, Where [is] now thy mouth, wherewith thou saidst, Who [is] Abimelech, that we should serve him? [is] not this the people that thou hast despised? go out, I pray now, and fight with them.

39And Gaal went out before the men of Shechem, and fought with Abimelech.

40And Abimelech chased him, and he fled before him, and many were overthrown [and] wounded, [even] unto the entering of the gate.

41And Abimelech dwelt at Arumah: and Zebul thrust out Gaal and his brethren, that they should not dwell in Shechem.

42And it came to pass on the morrow, that the people went out into the field; and they told Abimelech.

43And he took the people, and divided them into three companies, and laid wait in the field, and looked, and, behold, the people [were] come forth out of the city; and he rose up against them, and smote them.

44And Abimelech, and the company that [was] with him, rushed forward, and stood in the entering of the gate of the city: and the two [other] companies ran upon all [the people] that [were] in the fields, and slew them.

45And Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took the city, and slew the people that [was] therein, and beat down the city, and sowed it with salt.

46And when all the men of the tower of Shechem heard [that], they entered into an hold of the house of the god Berith.

47And it was told Abimelech, that all the men of the tower of Shechem were gathered together.

48And Abimelech gat him up to mount Zalmon, he and all the people that [were] with him; and Abimelech took an axe in his hand, and cut down a bough from the trees, and took it, and laid [it] on his shoulder, and said unto the people that [were] with him, What ye have seen me do, make haste, [and] do as I [have done].

49And all the people likewise cut down every man his bough, and followed Abimelech, and put [them] to the hold, and set the hold on fire upon them; so that all the men of the tower of Shechem died also, about a thousand men and women.

50¶ Then went Abimelech to Thebez, and encamped against Thebez, and took it.

51But there was a strong tower within the city, and thither fled all the men and women, and all they of the city, and shut [it] to them, and gat them up to the top of the tower.

52And Abimelech came unto the tower, and fought against it, and went hard unto the door of the tower to burn it with fire.

53And a certain woman cast a piece of a millstone upon Abimelech's head, and all to brake his skull.

54Then he called hastily unto the young man his armourbearer, and said unto him, Draw thy sword, and slay me, that men say not of me, A woman slew him. And his young man thrust him through, and he died.

55And when the men of Israel saw that Abimelech was dead, they departed every man unto his place.

56Thus God rendered the wickedness of Abimelech, which he did unto his father, in slaying his seventy brethren:

57And all the evil of the men of Shechem did God render upon their heads: and upon them came the curse of Jotham the son of Jerubbaal.

AI Analysis

AI Summaries

Short Summary

Abimelech, son of Gideon, conspires with the men of Shechem to make himself king, subsequently murdering his seventy half-brothers, save Jotham. Jotham prophesies mutual destruction upon Abimelech and Shechem for their treachery. God sends an evil spirit, leading to conflict, and Abimelech ultimately destroys Shechem before being fatally wounded by a woman at Thebez. His ignominious death fulfills Jotham's curse upon him and Shechem.

Medium Summary

Judges 9 details Abimelech's ruthless rise to power and his violent end. He persuades the men of Shechem, his mother's kinsmen, to make him king, arguing against the rule of his seventy half-brothers. With their support and funds from the house of Baalberith, Abimelech slays all his brothers except Jotham, who escapes. Jotham then delivers a powerful fable from Mount Gerizim, likening Abimelech to a bramble and prophesying fire that would consume both Abimelech and Shechem for their betrayal of Gideon's house. After three years, God sends discord between Abimelech and Shechem, leading to a rebellion led by Gaal. Abimelech defeats Gaal, then utterly destroys Shechem, slaying its inhabitants and sowing it with salt. He proceeds to attack Thebez, but a woman fatally wounds him with a millstone from a tower. To avoid the ignominy of being killed by a woman, Abimelech commands his armourbearer to slay him. The chapter concludes by affirming that God's judgment brought Abimelech's wickedness and Shechem's evil upon their own heads, fulfilling Jotham's curse.

Long Summary

Judges chapter 9 recounts the tumultuous reign and violent demise of Abimelech, son of Gideon by a concubine. Abimelech initiates his ascent to power by appealing to his mother's kinsmen in Shechem, arguing that their loyalty should be to him, their "bone and flesh," rather than to Gideon's seventy sons. Persuaded by his plea, the men of Shechem provide him with seventy pieces of silver from the temple of Baalberith, which Abimelech uses to hire "vain and light persons." With this force, he brutally murders all his half-brothers, the sons of Jerubbaal, upon one stone in Ophrah, with only the youngest, Jotham, managing to escape and hide. Subsequently, the men of Shechem and the house of Millo gather to proclaim Abimelech king by the pillar in Shechem. Upon hearing of this, Jotham ascends Mount Gerizim and delivers a profound fable to the men of Shechem. In his parable, the noble trees (olive, fig, vine) refuse kingship, unwilling to abandon their fruitful service, while the worthless bramble eagerly accepts, threatening to consume even the cedars of Lebanon. Jotham then applies this allegory, condemning Shechem for their ingratitude towards his father Gideon's deliverance and their heinous act of making Abimelech, a murderer, their king. He prophesies that fire would come forth from Abimelech to devour Shechem, and from Shechem to devour Abimelech. Three years into Abimelech's reign, God intervenes by sending an "evil spirit" between Abimelech and the men of Shechem, causing them to deal treacherously with him, thus initiating the fulfillment of Jotham's curse and bringing retribution for the blood of Gideon's sons. The Shechemites set ambushes and rob travelers, and a new leader, Gaal, arises, openly challenging Abimelech's authority. Zebul, Abimelech's officer in Shechem, secretly informs Abimelech and devises a plan to trap Gaal. Abimelech attacks Shechem, defeats Gaal's forces, and drives him and his brethren out of the city. The next day, Abimelech launches a full assault on Shechem, taking the city, slaying its inhabitants, and utterly destroying it, even sowing it with salt. The remaining Shechemites flee to the stronghold of the house of Baalberith, but Abimelech and his men cut down branches, pile them against the hold, and set it ablaze, killing about a thousand people. Abimelech then proceeds to Thebez, where he lays siege to a strong tower. As he attempts to burn the tower's door, a woman drops a piece of a millstone on his head, crushing his skull. Mortally wounded, Abimelech, to avoid the shame of being killed by a woman, commands his armourbearer to thrust him through with a sword, and he dies. The chapter concludes by explicitly stating that God rendered Abimelech's wickedness for slaying his brothers and the evil of the men of Shechem upon their own heads, confirming the divine fulfillment of Jotham's prophetic curse.

Core Concepts

  • Usurpation and TreacheryAbimelech's calculated scheme to seize power by manipulating his kinsmen in Shechem and the subsequent brutal murder of his seventy half-brothers exemplifies the theme of illegitimate authority gained through violence and deceit.
  • Jotham's FableThis unique allegorical narrative, told by Gideon's sole surviving son, uses trees (olive, fig, vine, bramble) to illustrate the folly of choosing an unworthy ruler and to prophesy the destructive consequences of Shechem's betrayal.
  • Divine RetributionThe chapter explicitly states that God sent an "evil spirit" to instigate conflict between Abimelech and Shechem, ensuring that the cruelty committed against Gideon's sons and the treachery of Shechem would be divinely avenged upon their own heads.
  • The Curse FulfilledJotham's prophecy of mutual destruction, where "fire" would come from Abimelech to devour Shechem and vice versa, is meticulously fulfilled through the subsequent battles, the destruction of Shechem, and Abimelech's ignominious death.
  • Ignominious DeathAbimelech's end, being fatally wounded by a woman with a millstone and then requesting his armourbearer to kill him to avoid the shame, underscores the inglorious nature of his reign and the ultimate judgment upon his violent actions.
  • Shechem's FateThe city of Shechem, which initially supported Abimelech's bloody ascent, ultimately suffers complete destruction, its inhabitants slain, and its ground sown with salt, serving as a stark example of the consequences of complicity in wickedness.