Genesis 42

King James Version

Full text for Genesis Chapter 42

1¶ Now when Jacob saw that there was corn in Egypt, Jacob said unto his sons, Why do ye look one upon another?

2And he said, Behold, I have heard that there is corn in Egypt: get you down thither, and buy for us from thence; that we may live, and not die.

3And Joseph's ten brethren went down to buy corn in Egypt.

4But Benjamin, Joseph's brother, Jacob sent not with his brethren; for he said, Lest peradventure mischief befall him.

5And the sons of Israel came to buy [corn] among those that came: for the famine was in the land of Canaan.

6And Joseph [was] the governor over the land, [and] he [it was] that sold to all the people of the land: and Joseph's brethren came, and bowed down themselves before him [with] their faces to the earth.

7¶ And Joseph saw his brethren, and he knew them, but made himself strange unto them, and spake roughly unto them; and he said unto them, Whence come ye? And they said, From the land of Canaan to buy food.

8And Joseph knew his brethren, but they knew not him.

9And Joseph remembered the dreams which he dreamed of them, and said unto them, Ye [are] spies; to see the nakedness of the land ye are come.

10And they said unto him, Nay, my lord, but to buy food are thy servants come.

11We [are] all one man's sons; we [are] true [men], thy servants are no spies.

12And he said unto them, Nay, but to see the nakedness of the land ye are come.

13And they said, Thy servants [are] twelve brethren, the sons of one man in the land of Canaan; and, behold, the youngest [is] this day with our father, and one [is] not.

14And Joseph said unto them, That [is it] that I spake unto you, saying, Ye [are] spies:

15Hereby ye shall be proved: By the life of Pharaoh ye shall not go forth hence, except your youngest brother come hither.

16Send one of you, and let him fetch your brother, and ye shall be kept in prison, that your words may be proved, whether [there be any] truth in you: or else by the life of Pharaoh surely ye [are] spies.

17And he put them all together into ward three days.

18And Joseph said unto them the third day, This do, and live; [for] I fear God:

19If ye [be] true [men], let one of your brethren be bound in the house of your prison: go ye, carry corn for the famine of your houses:

20But bring your youngest brother unto me; so shall your words be verified, and ye shall not die. And they did so.

21¶ And they said one to another, We [are] verily guilty concerning our brother, in that we saw the anguish of his soul, when he besought us, and we would not hear; therefore is this distress come upon us.

22And Reuben answered them, saying, Spake I not unto you, saying, Do not sin against the child; and ye would not hear? therefore, behold, also his blood is required.

23And they knew not that Joseph understood [them]; for he spake unto them by an interpreter.

24And he turned himself about from them, and wept; and returned to them again, and communed with them, and took from them Simeon, and bound him before their eyes.

25Then Joseph commanded to fill their sacks with corn, and to restore every man's money into his sack, and to give them provision for the way: and thus did he unto them.

26And they laded their asses with the corn, and departed thence.

27And as one of them opened his sack to give his ass provender in the inn, he espied his money; for, behold, it [was] in his sack's mouth.

28And he said unto his brethren, My money is restored; and, lo, [it is] even in my sack: and their heart failed [them], and they were afraid, saying one to another, What [is] this [that] God hath done unto us?

29¶ And they came unto Jacob their father unto the land of Canaan, and told him all that befell unto them; saying,

30The man, [who is] the lord of the land, spake roughly to us, and took us for spies of the country.

31And we said unto him, We [are] true [men]; we are no spies:

32We [be] twelve brethren, sons of our father; one [is] not, and the youngest [is] this day with our father in the land of Canaan.

33And the man, the lord of the country, said unto us, Hereby shall I know that ye [are] true [men]; leave one of your brethren [here] with me, and take [food for] the famine of your households, and be gone:

34And bring your youngest brother unto me: then shall I know that ye [are] no spies, but [that] ye [are] true [men: so] will I deliver you your brother, and ye shall traffick in the land.

35And it came to pass as they emptied their sacks, that, behold, every man's bundle of money [was] in his sack: and when [both] they and their father saw the bundles of money, they were afraid.

36And Jacob their father said unto them, Me have ye bereaved [of my children]: Joseph [is] not, and Simeon [is] not, and ye will take Benjamin [away]: all these things are against me.

37And Reuben spake unto his father, saying, Slay my two sons, if I bring him not to thee: deliver him into my hand, and I will bring him to thee again.

38And he said, My son shall not go down with you; for his brother is dead, and he is left alone: if mischief befall him by the way in the which ye go, then shall ye bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave.

AI Analysis

AI Summaries

Short Summary

Facing severe famine, Jacob sends his ten eldest sons to Egypt to buy corn. There, they encounter Joseph, who, now governor, recognizes them but feigns ignorance and accuses them of being spies. Joseph tests them by demanding they bring their youngest brother, Benjamin, to Egypt, holding Simeon as a hostage.

Medium Summary

A severe famine compels Jacob to send his sons to Egypt for sustenance, but he keeps Benjamin at home. Upon arrival, Joseph's ten brothers bow before him, unknowingly fulfilling his past dreams. Joseph, recognizing them but concealing his identity, speaks harshly and accuses them of being spies. He demands that one of them return to Canaan to fetch Benjamin, while the others remain imprisoned. After three days, Joseph modifies his demand, releasing nine brothers to carry corn home, but holding Simeon as a pledge. The brothers, reflecting on their past cruelty to Joseph, believe their current troubles are divine retribution. They return to Jacob, recounting their ordeal and revealing the money mysteriously returned in their sacks, which further distresses their father.

Long Summary

As famine grips Canaan, Jacob instructs his sons to go to Egypt to purchase corn, withholding Benjamin due to fear of harm. Joseph's ten elder brothers travel to Egypt, where Joseph, now the land's governor, oversees the sale of grain. Upon their arrival, they bow before him, unknowingly fulfilling the dreams Joseph had many years prior. Joseph immediately recognizes his brethren but feigns ignorance, speaking roughly and accusing them of being spies sent to discover the land's vulnerabilities. The brothers deny the charge, explaining they are twelve sons of one man, with one brother gone and the youngest at home. Joseph insists on his accusation, declaring they will be proven by bringing their youngest brother to him. He initially imprisons them all for three days, then releases them with corn, but demands that one brother remain bound in Egypt while the others return with Benjamin. As they depart, the brothers reflect on their past sin against Joseph, acknowledging their guilt and believing this distress is a consequence of their cruelty. Joseph, overhearing their confession through an interpreter, weeps privately before returning to them and binding Simeon before their eyes. He then commands their sacks be filled with corn, their money secretly returned, and provisions given for their journey. Upon reaching an inn, one brother discovers his money in his sack, causing fear among them. They return to Jacob, recounting their harsh encounter with the Egyptian lord and the demand for Benjamin. When they empty their sacks, they find all their money, increasing their fear. Jacob expresses profound grief, lamenting the loss of Joseph, Simeon, and now the potential loss of Benjamin, refusing to let Benjamin go despite Reuben's desperate pledge.

Core Concepts

  • Famine's NecessityThe severe famine in the land of Canaan compels Jacob to send his sons to Egypt to buy corn, setting the stage for their encounter with Joseph.
  • Joseph's Authority and ConcealmentJoseph, as the powerful governor of Egypt, recognizes his brothers immediately but chooses to conceal his identity, speaking harshly and treating them as strangers.
  • Prophetic Dreams FulfilledThe brothers' act of bowing down before Joseph upon their arrival in Egypt directly fulfills the dreams Joseph had as a youth, though they remain unaware of this significance.
  • Joseph's Test for BenjaminTo verify his brothers' truthfulness and to orchestrate Benjamin's arrival, Joseph devises a test, demanding that they bring their youngest brother to Egypt and holding Simeon as a hostage.
  • Brotherly Guilt and ReflectionThe brothers, facing distress and imprisonment, reflect on their past sin against Joseph, acknowledging their cruelty and believing their current troubles are a consequence of their actions.
  • Jacob's Deep DistressUpon hearing the account of their ordeal and discovering the returned money, Jacob expresses profound sorrow and fear, lamenting the perceived loss of Joseph, Simeon, and the potential loss of Benjamin.