Exodus 30

King James Version

Full text for Exodus Chapter 30

1¶ And thou shalt make an altar to burn incense upon: [of] shittim wood shalt thou make it.

2A cubit [shall be] the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof; foursquare shall it be: and two cubits [shall be] the height thereof: the horns thereof [shall be] of the same.

3And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, the top thereof, and the sides thereof round about, and the horns thereof; and thou shalt make unto it a crown of gold round about.

4And two golden rings shalt thou make to it under the crown of it, by the two corners thereof, upon the two sides of it shalt thou make [it]; and they shall be for places for the staves to bear it withal.

5And thou shalt make the staves [of] shittim wood, and overlay them with gold.

6And thou shalt put it before the vail that [is] by the ark of the testimony, before the mercy seat that [is] over the testimony, where I will meet with thee.

7And Aaron shall burn thereon sweet incense every morning: when he dresseth the lamps, he shall burn incense upon it.

8And when Aaron lighteth the lamps at even, he shall burn incense upon it, a perpetual incense before the LORD throughout your generations.

9Ye shall offer no strange incense thereon, nor burnt sacrifice, nor meat offering; neither shall ye pour drink offering thereon.

10And Aaron shall make an atonement upon the horns of it once in a year with the blood of the sin offering of atonements: once in the year shall he make atonement upon it throughout your generations: it [is] most holy unto the LORD.

11¶ And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

12When thou takest the sum of the children of Israel after their number, then shall they give every man a ransom for his soul unto the LORD, when thou numberest them; that there be no plague among them, when [thou] numberest them.

13This they shall give, every one that passeth among them that are numbered, half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary: (a shekel [is] twenty gerahs:) an half shekel [shall be] the offering of the LORD.

14Every one that passeth among them that are numbered, from twenty years old and above, shall give an offering unto the LORD.

15The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less than half a shekel, when [they] give an offering unto the LORD, to make an atonement for your souls.

16And thou shalt take the atonement money of the children of Israel, and shalt appoint it for the service of the tabernacle of the congregation; that it may be a memorial unto the children of Israel before the LORD, to make an atonement for your souls.

17¶ And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

18Thou shalt also make a laver [of] brass, and his foot [also of] brass, to wash [withal]: and thou shalt put it between the tabernacle of the congregation and the altar, and thou shalt put water therein.

19For Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and their feet thereat:

20When they go into the tabernacle of the congregation, they shall wash with water, that they die not; or when they come near to the altar to minister, to burn offering made by fire unto the LORD:

21So they shall wash their hands and their feet, that they die not: and it shall be a statute for ever to them, [even] to him and to his seed throughout their generations.

22¶ Moreover the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

23Take thou also unto thee principal spices, of pure myrrh five hundred [shekels], and of sweet cinnamon half so much, [even] two hundred and fifty [shekels], and of sweet calamus two hundred and fifty [shekels],

24And of cassia five hundred [shekels], after the shekel of the sanctuary, and of oil olive an hin:

25And thou shalt make it an oil of holy ointment, an ointment compound after the art of the apothecary: it shall be an holy anointing oil.

26And thou shalt anoint the tabernacle of the congregation therewith, and the ark of the testimony,

27And the table and all his vessels, and the candlestick and his vessels, and the altar of incense,

28And the altar of burnt offering with all his vessels, and the laver and his foot.

29And thou shalt sanctify them, that they may be most holy: whatsoever toucheth them shall be holy.

30And thou shalt anoint Aaron and his sons, and consecrate them, that [they] may minister unto me in the priest's office.

31And thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel, saying, This shall be an holy anointing oil unto me throughout your generations.

32Upon man's flesh shall it not be poured, neither shall ye make [any other] like it, after the composition of it: it [is] holy, [and] it shall be holy unto you.

33Whosoever compoundeth [any] like it, or whosoever putteth [any] of it upon a stranger, shall even be cut off from his people.

34And the LORD said unto Moses, Take unto thee sweet spices, stacte, and onycha, and galbanum; [these] sweet spices with pure frankincense: of each shall there be a like [weight]:

35And thou shalt make it a perfume, a confection after the art of the apothecary, tempered together, pure [and] holy:

36And thou shalt beat [some] of it very small, and put of it before the testimony in the tabernacle of the congregation, where I will meet with thee: it shall be unto you most holy.

37And [as for] the perfume which thou shalt make, ye shall not make to yourselves according to the composition thereof: it shall be unto thee holy for the LORD.

38Whosoever shall make like unto that, to smell thereto, shall even be cut off from his people.

AI Analysis

AI Summaries

Short Summary

Exodus 30 details further instructions for the Tabernacle's construction and service. It describes the golden altar of incense and its perpetual use, along with the brass laver for priestly washing. The chapter also mandates a half-shekel ransom for every numbered Israelite and provides precise recipes for the holy anointing oil and the sacred incense, emphasizing their exclusive, consecrated use.

Medium Summary

Exodus 30 begins with the detailed construction of the altar of incense, specifying its materials, dimensions, and golden overlay, to be placed before the veil for perpetual burning of sweet incense by Aaron. It strictly prohibits other offerings on this altar and mandates an annual atonement upon its horns. The chapter then introduces the half-shekel ransom, a universal offering for every Israelite aged twenty and above, intended to avert plague during numbering and to fund the tabernacle's service. Following this, instructions are given for the brass laver, positioned between the tabernacle and the altar, where priests must wash their hands and feet to avoid death before ministering. Finally, God provides the precise compositions for the holy anointing oil, used to consecrate the tabernacle and its furnishings, as well as Aaron and his sons for priestly service. The chapter concludes with the recipe for the holy perfume, both of which are declared most holy and forbidden for common use, with severe penalties for disobedience.

Long Summary

Exodus 30 provides a series of divine commands concerning the Tabernacle's sacred furnishings and rituals. It begins with the specifications for the altar of incense, to be constructed of shittim wood overlaid with pure gold, complete with horns and carrying rings. This altar was to be positioned before the veil, near the ark of the testimony, where Aaron was commanded to burn sweet incense every morning and evening as a perpetual offering. Strict prohibitions were given against offering any strange incense, burnt sacrifices, meat offerings, or drink offerings upon it, with an annual atonement required on its horns using blood from the sin offering. Next, the LORD instructs Moses regarding a census-related ransom: every Israelite aged twenty and above, when numbered, was to give a half-shekel offering. This universal payment, equal for rich and poor, served as an atonement for their souls and was designated for the service of the tabernacle, acting as a memorial before the LORD. The chapter then describes the making of the brass laver and its foot, to be placed between the tabernacle and the altar. This laver was essential for Aaron and his sons to wash their hands and feet before entering the tabernacle or ministering at the altar, a perpetual statute to prevent death. Finally, detailed recipes are provided for two sacred compounds. The holy anointing oil, composed of specific quantities of pure myrrh, sweet cinnamon, sweet calamus, cassia, and olive oil, was to be compounded by an apothecary. This oil was to anoint and sanctify the tabernacle, all its vessels, and the priestly garments, rendering them most holy, and to consecrate Aaron and his sons for their priestly office. Similarly, a holy perfume was prescribed, made from stacte, onycha, galbanum, and frankincense, to be beaten small and placed before the testimony. Both the anointing oil and the incense were declared exclusively holy for the LORD, with severe penalties, including being cut off from the people, for anyone who replicated them for common use or applied them inappropriately.

Core Concepts

  • Altar of IncenseA golden altar, distinct from the burnt offering altar, placed before the veil, used exclusively for burning sweet incense perpetually by the priests, symbolizing ongoing prayer and communion.
  • Ransom MoneyA mandatory half-shekel offering required from every Israelite male aged twenty and above during a census, serving as an atonement for their souls and contributing to the Tabernacle's upkeep.
  • Laver of BrassA basin for washing, positioned between the Tabernacle and the altar, where priests were required to cleanse their hands and feet before ministering to avoid death, emphasizing ritual purity.
  • Holy Anointing OilA specially compounded oil, made from specific spices and olive oil, used to consecrate the Tabernacle, its furnishings, and the priests, setting them apart as most holy for divine service.
  • Holy IncenseA unique blend of sweet spices, prepared as a perfume, to be burned perpetually on the altar of incense, symbolizing a pleasing aroma to the LORD and forbidden for common use.
  • Sanctification and ConsecrationThe process by which objects and individuals are set apart as holy for God's exclusive use, often through anointing or specific rituals, signifying their sacred purpose and divine ownership.
  • Ritual PurityThe requirement for priests to wash before ministering and the strict prohibitions against misusing sacred items, underscoring the necessity of cleanliness and reverence in approaching God.