2 Samuel 23

King James Version

Full text for 2 Samuel Chapter 23

1¶ Now these [be] the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man [who was] raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said,

2The Spirit of the LORD spake by me, and his word [was] in my tongue.

3The God of Israel said, the Rock of Israel spake to me, He that ruleth over men [must be] just, ruling in the fear of God.

4And [he shall be] as the light of the morning, [when] the sun riseth, [even] a morning without clouds; [as] the tender grass [springing] out of the earth by clear shining after rain.

5Although my house [be] not so with God; yet he hath made with me an everlasting covenant, ordered in all [things], and sure: for [this is] all my salvation, and all [my] desire, although he make [it] not to grow.

6But [the sons] of Belial [shall be] all of them as thorns thrust away, because they cannot be taken with hands:

7But the man [that] shall touch them must be fenced with iron and the staff of a spear; and they shall be utterly burned with fire in the [same] place.

8¶ These [be] the names of the mighty men whom David had: The Tachmonite that sat in the seat, chief among the captains; the same [was] Adino the Eznite: [he lift up his spear] against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time.

9And after him [was] Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, [one] of the three mighty men with David, when they defied the Philistines [that] were there gathered together to battle, and the men of Israel were gone away:

10He arose, and smote the Philistines until his hand was weary, and his hand clave unto the sword: and the LORD wrought a great victory that day; and the people returned after him only to spoil.

11And after him [was] Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a piece of ground full of lentiles: and the people fled from the Philistines.

12But he stood in the midst of the ground, and defended it, and slew the Philistines: and the LORD wrought a great victory.

13And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam: and the troop of the Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim.

14And David [was] then in an hold, and the garrison of the Philistines [was] then [in] Bethlehem.

15And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Bethlehem, which [is] by the gate!

16And the three mighty men brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem, that [was] by the gate, and took [it], and brought [it] to David: nevertheless he would not drink thereof, but poured it out unto the LORD.

17And he said, Be it far from me, O LORD, that I should do this: [is not this] the blood of the men that went in jeopardy of their lives? therefore he would not drink it. These things did these three mighty men.

18And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief among three. And he lifted up his spear against three hundred, [and] slew [them], and had the name among three.

19Was he not most honourable of three? therefore he was their captain: howbeit he attained not unto the [first] three.

20And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man, of Kabzeel, who had done many acts, he slew two lionlike men of Moab: he went down also and slew a lion in the midst of a pit in time of snow:

21And he slew an Egyptian, a goodly man: and the Egyptian had a spear in his hand; but he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian's hand, and slew him with his own spear.

22These [things] did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had the name among three mighty men.

23He was more honourable than the thirty, but he attained not to the [first] three. And David set him over his guard.

24Asahel the brother of Joab [was] one of the thirty; Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem,

25Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite,

26Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,

27Abiezer the Anethothite, Mebunnai the Hushathite,

28Zalmon the Ahohite, Maharai the Netophathite,

29Heleb the son of Baanah, a Netophathite, Ittai the son of Ribai out of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin,

30Benaiah the Pirathonite, Hiddai of the brooks of Gaash,

31Abialbon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite,

32Eliahba the Shaalbonite, of the sons of Jashen, Jonathan,

33Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,

34Eliphelet the son of Ahasbai, the son of the Maachathite, Eliam the son of Ahithophel the Gilonite,

35Hezrai the Carmelite, Paarai the Arbite,

36Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah, Bani the Gadite,

37Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Beerothite, armourbearer to Joab the son of Zeruiah,

38Ira an Ithrite, Gareb an Ithrite,

39Uriah the Hittite: thirty and seven in all.

AI Analysis

AI Summaries

Short Summary

2 Samuel 23 opens with David's final words, a prophetic reflection on righteous leadership guided by God's Spirit and the certainty of God's everlasting covenant despite his own house's imperfections. The chapter then transitions to enumerate David's most valiant warriors, highlighting the extraordinary feats of his "three mighty men" and other notable heroes. It concludes with a comprehensive list of thirty-seven of David's elite soldiers, showcasing the strength of his kingdom.

Medium Summary

The chapter opens with David's "last words," a profound reflection on the nature of righteous rule, stating that a ruler must be just and fear God, likening such leadership to a clear morning light. David acknowledges the imperfections of his own house but affirms God's sure and everlasting covenant with him. He contrasts the righteous with the wicked, who are likened to thorns to be burned. The narrative then shifts to detail the heroic deeds of David's elite warriors. It recounts the unparalleled valor of the "three mighty men" – Adino, Eleazar, and Shammah – who performed incredible feats of strength and courage, securing great victories for Israel. A notable incident describes these three breaking through Philistine lines to fetch water for David from Bethlehem, which David, out of reverence for their risk, poured out to the Lord. The chapter also highlights the exploits of Abishai and Benaiah, who were chief among the next tier of mighty men, before concluding with a comprehensive roster of David's thirty-seven most distinguished soldiers.

Long Summary

Second Samuel chapter twenty-three commences with David's "last words," presented as a divine oracle spoken through him by the Spirit of the LORD. David, identified as the anointed of God and the sweet psalmist of Israel, declares that a ruler over men must be just and rule in the fear of God, likening such a leader to the clear light of a cloudless morning and the tender grass after rain. He then reflects on his own lineage, acknowledging its imperfections, yet affirming the steadfastness of God's everlasting covenant with him, which is ordered and sure, representing his complete salvation and desire. In contrast, the wicked, or "sons of Belial," are described as thorns to be utterly consumed by fire. The chapter then transitions to a detailed account of David's most celebrated warriors, beginning with the "three mighty men." Adino the Eznite is noted for slaying eight hundred men at one time. Eleazar the son of Dodo fought the Philistines until his hand cleaved to his sword, securing a great victory. Shammah the son of Agee defended a field of lentiles single-handedly against the Philistines, also achieving a great victory. A poignant episode recounts these three breaking through enemy lines to retrieve water from the well of Bethlehem for David, who, upon receiving it, refused to drink, pouring it out as an offering to the LORD, recognizing it as the "blood" of men who risked their lives. Following these, Abishai, Joab's brother, is mentioned as chief among another set of three, having slain three hundred men. Benaiah the son of Jehoiada is also highlighted for his extraordinary deeds, including slaying two lion-like men of Moab, a lion in a pit during snowy weather, and an Egyptian giant with his own spear. While highly honorable, Abishai and Benaiah did not attain to the rank of the first three. The chapter concludes with a comprehensive list of thirty-seven additional valiant men who served in David's army, including Asahel, Elhanan, Uriah the Hittite, and many others, underscoring the formidable military strength and loyal service that characterized David's reign.

Core Concepts

  • David's Last WordsThese are presented as a divine oracle, emphasizing the qualities of righteous leadership – justice and the fear of God – and David's reflection on God's everlasting covenant with his house.
  • Righteous RuleThe chapter defines ideal leadership as one that is just, rules in the fear of God, and brings forth prosperity and clarity, likened to the light of a morning without clouds.
  • God's Everlasting CovenantDespite the imperfections of David's own house, he affirms the certainty and surety of God's covenant with him, which is the foundation of his salvation and desire.
  • The Three Mighty MenThis refers to Adino, Eleazar, and Shammah, David's most elite warriors, whose exceptional bravery and individual feats of strength secured significant victories for Israel.
  • Sacrifice and ReverenceIllustrated by the incident where David's mighty men risked their lives for water, and David's subsequent refusal to drink it, pouring it out to the LORD as a sacred offering, valuing their lives above his own desire.
  • Benaiah's ValorBenaiah the son of Jehoiada is highlighted for his remarkable strength and courage, performing extraordinary deeds such as slaying a lion and an Egyptian giant, distinguishing him among David's warriors.
  • David's Elite WarriorsThe chapter provides a detailed roster of David's most distinguished soldiers, showcasing the depth of military prowess and loyalty within his kingdom.