1 Kings 20

King James Version

Full text for 1 Kings Chapter 20

1¶ And Benhadad the king of Syria gathered all his host together: and [there were] thirty and two kings with him, and horses, and chariots: and he went up and besieged Samaria, and warred against it.

2And he sent messengers to Ahab king of Israel into the city, and said unto him, Thus saith Benhadad,

3Thy silver and thy gold [is] mine; thy wives also and thy children, [even] the goodliest, [are] mine.

4And the king of Israel answered and said, My lord, O king, according to thy saying, I [am] thine, and all that I have.

5And the messengers came again, and said, Thus speaketh Benhadad, saying, Although I have sent unto thee, saying, Thou shalt deliver me thy silver, and thy gold, and thy wives, and thy children;

6Yet I will send my servants unto thee to morrow about this time, and they shall search thine house, and the houses of thy servants; and it shall be, [that] whatsoever is pleasant in thine eyes, they shall put [it] in their hand, and take [it] away.

7Then the king of Israel called all the elders of the land, and said, Mark, I pray you, and see how this [man] seeketh mischief: for he sent unto me for my wives, and for my children, and for my silver, and for my gold; and I denied him not.

8And all the elders and all the people said unto him, Hearken not [unto him], nor consent.

9Wherefore he said unto the messengers of Benhadad, Tell my lord the king, All that thou didst send for to thy servant at the first I will do: but this thing I may not do. And the messengers departed, and brought him word again.

10And Benhadad sent unto him, and said, The gods do so unto me, and more also, if the dust of Samaria shall suffice for handfuls for all the people that follow me.

11And the king of Israel answered and said, Tell [him], Let not him that girdeth on [his harness] boast himself as he that putteth it off.

12¶ And it came to pass, when [Benhadad] heard this message, as he [was] drinking, he and the kings in the pavilions, that he said unto his servants, Set [yourselves in array]. And they set [themselves in array] against the city.

13And, behold, there came a prophet unto Ahab king of Israel, saying, Thus saith the LORD, Hast thou seen all this great multitude? behold, I will deliver it into thine hand this day; and thou shalt know that I [am] the LORD.

14And Ahab said, By whom? And he said, Thus saith the LORD, [Even] by the young men of the princes of the provinces. Then he said, Who shall order the battle? And he answered, Thou.

15Then he numbered the young men of the princes of the provinces, and they were two hundred and thirty two: and after them he numbered all the people, [even] all the children of Israel, [being] seven thousand.

16And they went out at noon. But Benhadad [was] drinking himself drunk in the pavilions, he and the kings, the thirty and two kings that helped him.

17And the young men of the princes of the provinces went out first; and Benhadad sent out, and they told him, saying, There are men come out of Samaria.

18And he said, Whether they be come out for peace, take them alive; or whether they be come out for war, take them alive.

19So these young men of the princes of the provinces came out of the city, and the army which followed them.

20And they slew every one his man: and the Syrians fled; and Israel pursued them: and Benhadad the king of Syria escaped on an horse with the horsemen.

21And the king of Israel went out, and smote the horses and chariots, and slew the Syrians with a great slaughter.

22¶ And the prophet came to the king of Israel, and said unto him, Go, strengthen thyself, and mark, and see what thou doest: for at the return of the year the king of Syria will come up against thee.

23And the servants of the king of Syria said unto him, Their gods [are] gods of the hills; therefore they were stronger than we; but let us fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they.

24And do this thing, Take the kings away, every man out of his place, and put captains in their rooms:

25And number thee an army, like the army that thou hast lost, horse for horse, and chariot for chariot: and we will fight against them in the plain, [and] surely we shall be stronger than they. And he hearkened unto their voice, and did so.

26And it came to pass at the return of the year, that Benhadad numbered the Syrians, and went up to Aphek, to fight against Israel.

27And the children of Israel were numbered, and were all present, and went against them: and the children of Israel pitched before them like two little flocks of kids; but the Syrians filled the country.

28And there came a man of God, and spake unto the king of Israel, and said, Thus saith the LORD, Because the Syrians have said, The LORD [is] God of the hills, but he [is] not God of the valleys, therefore will I deliver all this great multitude into thine hand, and ye shall know that I [am] the LORD.

29And they pitched one over against the other seven days. And [so] it was, that in the seventh day the battle was joined: and the children of Israel slew of the Syrians an hundred thousand footmen in one day.

30But the rest fled to Aphek, into the city; and [there] a wall fell upon twenty and seven thousand of the men [that were] left. And Benhadad fled, and came into the city, into an inner chamber.

31¶ And his servants said unto him, Behold now, we have heard that the kings of the house of Israel [are] merciful kings: let us, I pray thee, put sackcloth on our loins, and ropes upon our heads, and go out to the king of Israel: peradventure he will save thy life.

32So they girded sackcloth on their loins, and [put] ropes on their heads, and came to the king of Israel, and said, Thy servant Benhadad saith, I pray thee, let me live. And he said, [Is] he yet alive? he [is] my brother.

33Now the men did diligently observe whether [any thing would come] from him, and did hastily catch [it]: and they said, Thy brother Benhadad. Then he said, Go ye, bring him. Then Benhadad came forth to him; and he caused him to come up into the chariot.

34And [Benhadad] said unto him, The cities, which my father took from thy father, I will restore; and thou shalt make streets for thee in Damascus, as my father made in Samaria. Then [said Ahab], I will send thee away with this covenant. So he made a covenant with him, and sent him away.

35And a certain man of the sons of the prophets said unto his neighbour in the word of the LORD, Smite me, I pray thee. And the man refused to smite him.

36Then said he unto him, Because thou hast not obeyed the voice of the LORD, behold, as soon as thou art departed from me, a lion shall slay thee. And as soon as he was departed from him, a lion found him, and slew him.

37Then he found another man, and said, Smite me, I pray thee. And the man smote him, so that in smiting he wounded [him].

38So the prophet departed, and waited for the king by the way, and disguised himself with ashes upon his face.

39And as the king passed by, he cried unto the king: and he said, Thy servant went out into the midst of the battle; and, behold, a man turned aside, and brought a man unto me, and said, Keep this man: if by any means he be missing, then shall thy life be for his life, or else thou shalt pay a talent of silver.

40And as thy servant was busy here and there, he was gone. And the king of Israel said unto him, So [shall] thy judgment [be]; thyself hast decided [it].

41And he hasted, and took the ashes away from his face; and the king of Israel discerned him that he [was] of the prophets.

42And he said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Because thou hast let go out of [thy] hand a man whom I appointed to utter destruction, therefore thy life shall go for his life, and thy people for his people.

43And the king of Israel went to his house heavy and displeased, and came to Samaria.

AI Analysis

AI Summaries

Short Summary

King Benhadad of Syria besieges Samaria, demanding tribute and escalating his demands on King Ahab of Israel. Despite Israel's small numbers, the LORD grants them two miraculous victories over the Syrians, demonstrating His power. However, Ahab spares Benhadad, leading a prophet to declare divine judgment upon Ahab for his disobedience.

Medium Summary

Benhadad, King of Syria, with 32 allied kings, besieges Samaria, demanding King Ahab's possessions, wives, and children. Ahab initially agrees to some demands but refuses further insolence, leading to war. A prophet assures Ahab of the LORD's victory, and Israel, with a small force, defeats the drunken Syrians. The Syrians, believing Israel's God to be only a "God of the hills," return the following year to fight in the plain. Again, a prophet declares the LORD will grant victory to demonstrate His sovereignty over all places. Israel achieves another decisive victory, slaying vast numbers of Syrians. Despite this, Ahab makes a covenant with the captured Benhadad and releases him. Consequently, a prophet condemns Ahab, declaring that his life and people will be forfeit for sparing the one appointed for destruction by the LORD.

Long Summary

The chapter opens with Benhadad, King of Syria, gathering a vast army, including thirty-two allied kings, to besiege Samaria, the capital of Israel. Benhadad sends messengers to King Ahab, demanding his silver, gold, wives, and children. Ahab initially agrees to the first set of demands, but when Benhadad escalates, threatening to plunder anything desirable from Ahab's house and his servants', Ahab consults the elders who advise him to refuse. Benhadad then boasts of his overwhelming numbers, to which Ahab replies with a proverb about not boasting before victory. While Benhadad and his allied kings are drinking in their pavilions, a prophet approaches Ahab, declaring that the LORD will deliver the Syrian multitude into his hand, specifically through the young men of the provincial princes. Ahab, leading a small force of 232 young men and 7,000 Israelites, attacks the Syrians at noon, achieving a great slaughter and forcing Benhadad to flee. The prophet then warns Ahab that Benhadad will return. Benhadad's servants attribute their defeat to Israel's God being a "God of the hills" and advise fighting in the plain with new captains, believing they will then be stronger. Benhadad follows this counsel and returns the following year with a similarly large army to Aphek. The Israelite army is comparatively tiny, like "two little flocks of kids." A man of God again appears, stating that the LORD will grant victory to Israel to prove He is God of both hills and valleys. After seven days, battle is joined, and Israel slays 100,000 Syrian footmen. A wall in Aphek falls on 27,000 more, and Benhadad hides. Benhadad's servants, aware of the merciful nature of Israelite kings, approach Ahab in sackcloth and ropes, pleading for their king's life. Ahab surprisingly calls Benhadad "my brother" and invites him into his chariot. Benhadad offers to restore cities and grant trading rights in Damascus. Ahab makes a covenant with Benhadad and releases him. Subsequently, a prophet, through a symbolic act involving a refusal to strike him and a subsequent lion attack, then a successful striking, confronts Ahab. The prophet disguises himself and presents a parable about a lost prisoner, leading Ahab to condemn himself. The prophet then reveals his identity and declares the LORD's judgment: because Ahab spared Benhadad, whom the LORD had appointed for utter destruction, Ahab's life and his people's lives would be forfeit for Benhadad's. Ahab returns home heavy and displeased.

Core Concepts

  • Divine DeliveranceThe LORD repeatedly grants Israel victory over the numerically superior Syrian army, demonstrating His power to deliver His people against overwhelming odds.
  • God's Universal SovereigntyThe Syrians' mistaken belief that the LORD is only a "God of the hills" prompts Him to demonstrate His power and authority over all terrains, proving His universal dominion.
  • Ahab's DisobedienceKing Ahab's decision to spare Benhadad, whom the LORD had appointed for utter destruction, is presented as a direct act of disobedience against God's command.
  • Prophetic CondemnationProphets act as direct messengers of the LORD, delivering both promises of victory and stern judgments, as seen in the condemnation of Ahab for his covenant with Benhadad.
  • Consequences of Unsanctioned MercyAhab's act of mercy towards Benhadad, though seemingly benevolent, is portrayed as a transgression against the LORD's specific decree for Benhadad's destruction, leading to severe divine judgment.
  • Boasting Before VictoryThe proverb "Let not him that girdeth on his harness boast himself as he that putteth it off" highlights the folly of premature boasting, exemplified by Benhadad's overconfidence.